Descriptive method in qualitative research. Validity in qualitative research.

Feb 6, 2023 · Descriptive research is an exploratory research method. ” In addition, this study employed a descriptive qualitative method. Qualitative Health Research, 11, 1738–1747. This is called a sampling method. Often, researchers find themselves with research questions that do not fit neatly within the confines of a Sep 30, 2016 · Qualitative description (QD) is a term that is widely used to describe qualitative studies of health care and nursing-related phenomena. However, limited discussions regarding QD are found in the ex Aug 11, 2009 · Grounded theory. An Example of Using Descriptive Analysis to Evaluate Plausible Causes and Generate Hypotheses 4 Box 4. 85), and Savin-Baden and Howell Major (2013) refer to a pragmatic qualitative approach. Sampling in qualitative research: Purposeful and theoretical sampling, merging or clear boundaries? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26, 623–630. Qualitative Health Research, 11 (4), 522–537. that qualitative descriptive research is to provide an accurate picture or explanation of the The most appropriate descriptive research method depends on the research question and resources available for your research study. Observational nature: This approach is non-invasive and observational because the study variables remain untouched. T. Sep 30, 2021 · This study uses a descriptive approach with qualitative research methods. Sep 30, 2016 · The type of research used in this study is a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. : The purpose of descriptive design is to answer exploratory qualitative questions that do not fit into the framework of a more traditional design Methods and results: Using real-world examples from healthcare research, the paper provides insight to the practical application of descriptive research at all stages of the design process and identifies the critical elements that should be explicit when applying this approach. L. , 1999). The phrase “qualitative research” was until the marginalized as a discipline of anthropology or sociology, and terms like ethnography, fieldwork, participant observation and Chicago school (sociology) were used instead. . 2. To draw valid conclusions from your results, you have to carefully decide how you will select a sample that is representative of the group as a whole. Colaizzi's method of data analysis is a method of interpreting qualitative research data, which is commonly used in social Nov 24, 2023 · Qualitative nature: Some descriptive research examples include those using the qualitative research method to describe or explain the research problem. psychology. 2011), we have witnessed a growing tendency for scholarly communities Those unfamiliar with qualitative research may assume that “anyone” can interview, observe, or facilitate a focus group; however, it is important to recognize that the quality of data collected through qualitative methods is a direct reflection of the skills and competencies of the researcher. Feb 26, 2015 · Qualitative and descriptive research methods have been very common procedures for conducting research in many disciplines, including education, psychology, and social sciences. Qualitative research is a science that includes an investigation. Nov 24, 2017 · Exploratory research is the umbrella term used by Brink and Wood (2001) to describe all description qualitative research and suggest it “is a Level 1 research endeavor” (p. (2001). Therefore, when conducting descriptive research, researchers have the opportunity to use a wide variety of techniques that aids the research process. There are different types of qualitative research methods, such as in-depth interviews, focus groups, ethnographic research, content analysis, and case study research that are usually used. A 35 Jun 19, 2020 · Qualitative research is the opposite of quantitative research, which involves collecting and analyzing numerical data for statistical analysis. Sep 19, 2019 · The sample is the group of individuals who will actually participate in the research. Its value is based on the premise that problems can be solved and practices improved through observation, analysis, and description. Feb 24, 2021 · Qualitative Research Questions and Purpose Statements. McHugh -- Critical approaches to qualitative research Dec 9, 2020 · As faculty who regularly teach introductory qualitative research methods course, one of the most substantial hurdles we found is for the students to comprehend there are various approaches to qualitative research, and different sets of data collection and data analysis methods (Gonzalez & Forister, 2020). In other words, it lacks a standard approach. The following sections will outline the most commonly used types of methods in descriptive research. A well-formulated study question forms the basis for developing a protocol, guides the selection of design, and data collection methods. Jul 7, 2023 · Qualitative research design is defined as a type of research methodology that focuses on exploring and understanding complex phenomena and the meanings attributed to them by individuals or groups. , & Mandle, C. Under this research, exploratory research is used when the problem is not defined plainly. 3 Descriptive studies are common as the qualitative component in mixed-methods research (see Chapter 11) and evaluations (see Chapter 12), 1 because qualitative descriptive studies can provide information to help develop and refine While descriptive research can employ a number of variables, only one variable is required to conduct a descriptive study. Data were collected through observations which were Feb 21, 2023 · The purpose of this book is to make the practical aspects of qualitative research understandable and usable. In two seminal articles, Sandelowski promotes the mainstream use of qualitative description (Sandelowski, 2000, 2010) as a well-developed but unacknowledged method which provides a “comprehensive summary of an event in the every day terms of those events” (Sandelowski, 2000, p. , 2003). According to Sugiyono (2013:15), qualitative research is one of research methods used to investigate an object that is natural, where the researcher as an instrument, and the result of qualitative research is more emphasized on the actual data than generalization, whereas analyzing the data should be inductive. Aug 22, 2018 · Methods This research was designed with an exploratory-descriptive qualitative analysis method. As the name suggests, descriptive research describes the characteristics of the group, situation, or phenomenon being studied without manipulating variables or testing hypotheses. What then constitutes phenomenological inquiry? Despite the many misunderstandings of phenomenology both inside and outside the qualitative research tradition, the most widely accepted interpretation is that a method is required in order to make an inquiry of an object, that is, in terms of phenomenological inquiry, to disclose a priori structures of consciousness. The qualitative approach is an exploratory research method. K. However, the reviewed paper will be valuable for a variety of researchers undertaking qualitative research or mixed-method studies that include a qualitative component. However, limited discussions regarding QD are found in the ex May 27, 2020 · Similarly, qualitative research should not be required to be combined with quantitative research per se – unless mixed methods research is judged as inherently better than single-method research. The term descriptive research refers to the type of research question, design, and data analysis that will be applied to a given topic. Descriptive studies are closely associated with observational studies, but they are not limited with observation data collection method. The purpose of this study is to Colaizzi's method was utilized in analyzing and interpreting the data. Mar 26, 2024 · Qualitative Research Methods are a set of techniques and approaches used to collect and analyze data that is non-numerical and subjective in nature. Semistructured interviews were used to collect information on barriers to nurses’ participation in research problem and research question(s). Now, there are several (non-creepy) ways you can observe someone. Qualitative Research is useful to learn concepts, human behavior, attitudes and experiences. The data Abstract. . Thorne -- The grounded theory method / Antony Bryant -- Feminist qualitative research: toward transformation of science and society / Maureen C. Surveys and questionnaires One of the most familiar tools in the researcher's arsenal, surveys and questionnaires offer a structured means of collecting data from a vast audience. Learn more about qualitative research design types, methods and best practices. Catherine McCabe (PhD, MSc, BNS, RNT, RGN) is an Associate Professor in General Nursing at the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin. Finlay, L. Feb 1, 2014 · One research approach that falls under this broad category is known as generic qualitative research, which is subsequently subdivided into genres of interpretive description and descriptive qualitative research (Caelli et al. Qualitative Research Nov 8, 2023 · Thematic analysis is a highly popular technique among qualitative researchers for analyzing qualitative data, which usually comprises thick descriptive data. Feb 26, 2015 · This research uses descriptive qualitative method. This article has two aims: first, to present a summary of concepts, emerging from the field of qualitative research that present answers regarding issues of validation, reliability, and generalization; and second, to propose six concepts that allow the monitoring of the validation of Feb 26, 2015 · Qualitative and descriptive research methods have been very common procedures for conducting research in many disciplines, including education, psychology, and social sciences. This interchangeable use of terms creates ambiguity and confusion in relation to The purpose of this editorial is to provide an introduction to and practical explanation of qualitative description as a possible research design for you to consider. and Bradway, C. A descriptive research project seeks to comprehend phenomena or groups in depth. 4). This interchangeable use of terms creates ambiguity and confusion in relation to Mar 25, 2024 · Qualitative research holds immense significance in the academic and practical exploration of human experiences. In this case, the same criterion should be applied for quantitative studies without a qualitative component. Sep 30, 2016 · Qualitative description (QD) is a term that is widely used to describe qualitative studies of health care and nursing-related phenomena. The results of qualitative methods are more descriptive, and the inferences can be drawn quite easily from the obtained data . , Sefcik, J. Key methods and assumptions of grounded theory, as originally formulated and subsequently refined by Glaser and Strauss [] and Strauss and Corbin [20,21], include: simultaneous phases of data collection and analysis; an inductive approach to analysis, allowing the theory to May 15, 2019 · Learn what descriptive research is, when to use it, and how to conduct it. Observation. Primary vs. : The purpose of descriptive design is to answer exploratory qualitative questions that do not fit into the framework of a more traditional design Jan 1, 2000 · Research with qualitative descriptive methods is used to define and analyze problems by means of description and observation (Koh & Owen, 2000). The source of the research data is the Abdur’s speech on the Stand Up Comedy show obtained through YouTube. Both descriptive research and correlational research are used in descriptive correlational research. Surveys Nov 24, 2017 · Exploratory research is the umbrella term used by Brink and Wood (2001) to describe all description qualitative research and suggest it “is a Level 1 research endeavor” (p. This article has two aims: first, to present a summary of concepts, emerging from the field of qualitative Oct 9, 2020 · These methods are crucial for understanding the characteristics, behaviors, and overall phenomena of interest within their natural settings. The brief, practical texts in the Essentials of Qualitative Methods series introduce social science and psychology researchers to key approaches to capturing phenomena not easily measured quantitatively, offering exciting, nimble opportunities to gather in-depth qualitative data. Pryce, and Jill Walsh -- Applied interpretive approaches / Sally E. 336). , Chase, S. These types of research have also begun to be increasingly used in the field of second language teaching and learning. Aug 7, 2000 · The general view of descriptive research as a lower level form of inquiry has influenced some researchers conducting qualitative research to claim methods they are really not using and not to claim the method they are using: namely, qualitative description. It does not contain a theoretical analysis or evaluation of qualitative methods from Jun 15, 2021 · Generically speaking, Emmel (2013) argues that sampling for quantitative projects consists of two activities, “defining a population from which a sample will be drawn and of which the sample will be representative” and “ensuring that every person or thing from this predefined population has the chance of inclusion that is greater than zero and can be measured. Jan 1, 2020 · A descriptive survey research method was used to examine the mental health literacy of 132 purposive sample of FGUS with and without VI from three federal universities in Southern Nigeria. Kearney [], Eaves [] and Finfgeld [] have all adapted grounded theory to formulate a method of synthesis. Apr 10, 2023 · As with any research method, it is important for researchers to approach descriptive qualitative research with a critical eye and to be aware of the potential biases and limitations of the method. Qualitative approaches have exploded over the last three decades, and although qualitative description is widely used in a number of disciplines, it is also poorly understood or maligned for not being a scholarly qualitative Author Affiliation: Senior Nurse Scientist and Clinical Nurse Specialist, Office of Nursing Research & Innovation, Nursing Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio. Qualitative research, however, is more holistic and often involves a rich collection of data from various sources to gain a deeper understanding of individual participants, including their opinions, perspectives, and attitudes. , Friese 2011; Cornelissen 2017; Welch et al. Kim, H. Jul 28, 2023 · The type of research questions best suited to descriptive design are about the practical consequences and useful applications about an issue or problem. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] Coyne I. Descriptive method is a research method that tries to describe Apr 12, 2019 · Qualitative research is expressed in words to gain understanding. Mar 9, 2016 · The epochē. 176-192) Edition: 2nd; Chapter: 11; Publisher: Sage; physical phenomena, a special descriptive method . g The current study was conducted on 16 parental (mother or father) caregivers of adult children with schizophrenia using a descriptive phenomenological qualitative approach and Colaizzi's seven Objective: The purpose of this methodology paper is to describe an approach to qualitative design known as qualitative descriptive that is well suited to junior health sciences researchers because it can be used with a variety of theoretical approaches, sampling techniques, and data collection strategies. Find out the difference between descriptive and experimental research, and see examples of descriptive research questions and methods. However, limited discussions regarding QD are found in the ex Apr 24, 2019 · As mentioned above, qualitative research suffers from “a lack of boilerplate Footnote 14 ” problem. The criteria for the validation of qualitative research are still open to discussion. The goal of gathering this qualitative data is to examine how individuals can perceive the world from different vantage points. The research procedures are subsequently outlined, often including a rationale for use of the approach and details related to the data procedures for the study. Qualitative research is concerned with personal or descriptive accounts to understand human behavior within soc Nov 21, 2023 · Characteristics of descriptive research include that they can be qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods in nature, they can address areas of need for a population, and they can generate Jan 19, 2016 · The purpose of this methodology paper is to describe an approach to qualitative design known as qualitative descriptive that is well suited to junior health sciences researchers because it can be used with a variety of theoretical approaches, sampling techniques, and data collection strategies. By following careful research procedures and communicating their findings clearly, descriptive qualitative researchers can make valuable You can also take a mixed methods approach, where you use both qualitative and quantitative research methods. However, the application and use of the Jul 24, 2018 · To address a specific research aim, the primary author believed that an exploratory descriptive qualitative approach was the most suitable. These methods are often used for data collection in social sciences, humanities , and other fields where the focus is on understanding the complexity of human experience, behavior, and culture. It is very much essential for you to make the choice of a suitable research design for investigation as the reliability and validity of the research outcomes are completely based on it. Descriptive research is usually defined as a type of quantitative research, though qualitative research can also be used for descriptive purposes. The qualitative research is considered to be applied to the study’s main purposes that aimed at collecting the data, and then analyze it for explaining the existing occurrence (Heigham & Crocker, 2009, p. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 9 (4), 16-25. Instead, it is a rigorous use and integration of both qualitative and quantitative approaches (e. Primary research is any original data that you collect yourself for the purposes of answering your research question (e. This research used descriptive qualitative method. Jun 15, 2021 · Generically speaking, Emmel (2013) argues that sampling for quantitative projects consists of two activities, “defining a population from which a sample will be drawn and of which the sample will be representative” and “ensuring that every person or thing from this predefined population has the chance of inclusion that is greater than zero and can be measured. (2009) Debating Phenomenological Research Methods, Phenomenology and Practice, 3, 1, pp. The most common descriptive research method is the survey, which includes questionnaires, personal interviews, phone surveys, and Feb 27, 2024 · Data Collection Methods . Qualitative research questions generally involve two parts, a central question and related Its straightforward approach enables these studies to be conducted in shorter timeframes than other study designs. There are differences between qualitative and quantitative research when it comes to data collection as they deal with different types of data. Smith 9 suggested a qualitative research method known as interpretative phenomenological analysis, which has 2 basic tenets: first, that it is rooted in phenomenology, attempting to understand the meaning that individuals ascribe to their lived experiences, and second, that the researcher must attempt to interpret this meaning in the context of Nov 15, 2021 · Qualitative Research Methods. Descriptive research can be carried out using particular data . secondary research. Apr 7, 2019 · Researching health care as a meaningful practice: Toward a nondualistic view on evidence for qualitative research. , Elliott et al. Qualitative research is essential in understanding complex phenomena and has a unique ability to capture the nuanced experiences of individuals. 1177/1049732317711133 [Google Scholar] Whittemore, R. 25 This combination provides a complete view of the research problem and achieves triangulation to corroborate findings, complementarity to clarify results, expansion to extend the study’s breadth, and explanation to Oct 16, 2023 · You can utilize both Qualitative and Quantitative methods for performing descriptive research. ” Then, drawing on ideas we find scattered there is now an extensive history with these methods, standards of good research practice have emerged (e. Nov 2, 2023 · The type of research questions best suited to descriptive design are about the practical consequences and useful applications about an issue or problem. The observational method is a type of descriptive research in which you, the researcher, observe ongoing behavior. ” However, mixed methods research is not any research that has qualitative and quantitative components or research that collects data qualitatively and analyzes it quantitatively. A subsequent review of the relevant literature identified a number of published research articles, which claimed to use an "exploratory descriptive qualitative" design. (2017 Jan 8, 2024 · Qualitative research is a method of inquiry used in various disciplines, including social sciences, education, and health, to explore and understand human behavior, experiences, and social phenomena. through surveys, observations and experiments). Qualitative research is often used in fields such as sociology, anthropology, psychology, and education. Jan 1, 2017 · In book: The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research In Psychology (pp. Common Uses of Descriptive Accounts in Education Research and Practice 7 Box 6. Jan 1, 2020 · PDF | On Jan 1, 2020, Michael J Gill published Phenomenology as qualitative methodology | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Descriptive research does not fit neatly into the definition of either quantitative or qualitative research methodologies, but instead it can utilize elements of both, often within the same study. Steps in a Descriptive Analysis—An Iterative Process 8 Box 7. Feb 27, 2019 · What is qualitative research? If we look for a precise definition of qualitative research, and specifically for one that addresses its distinctive feature of being “qualitative,” the literature is meager. Dec 18, 2019 · Her research interests are in the area of self-harm and suicide and she has a particular interest and expertise in mixed-methods and qualitative research designs. Jan 3, 2024 · A scholarly definition is: "Descriptive research is defined as a research approach that describes the 18 Descriptive Research Examples (2024) Descriptive research involves gathering data to provide a detailed account or depiction of a phenomenon without manipulating variables or conducting The goal of descriptive research is to describe a phenomenon and its characteristics. An Example of Using Descriptive Analysis to Interpret Causal Research 5 Box 5. The author reports no conflicts of interest. Dec 23, 2017 · The general view of descriptive research as a lower level form of inquiry has influenced some researchers conducting qualitative research to claim methods they are really not using and not to Describing the Qualitative Descriptive Approach. Jul 19, 2023 · Philosophical approaches to qualitative research / Renee Spencer, Julia M. Objective: The purpose of this methodology paper is to describe an approach to qualitative design known as qualitative descriptive that is Descriptive science is a category of science that involves descriptive research; that is, observing, recording, describing, and classifying phenomena. 6-25. The research design should be carefully developed to ensure that the results are valid and reliable. In this article we systematically search, identify and analyze a sample of 89 sources using or attempting to define the term “qualitative. Based on Jan 23, 2020 · The uniqueness of descriptive research partly lies in its ability to explore both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Apr 2, 2014 · The criteria for the validation of qualitative research are still open to discussion. Note the unique organizing framework related to each approach and specifically the variations in how the research outcomes can be presented. It focuses on collecting non-numerical data, such as words, images, or objects, to gain in-depth insights into people's thoughts, feelings, motivations, and perspectives. Qualitative questions are exploratory and are open-ended. uses descriptive qualitative. 10. The primary aim of descriptive research is to describe and interpret what exists at a given time. (1997). Nov 24, 2017 · Qualitative descriptive methods in health science research. S. An approach to qualitative design known as qualitative descriptive that is well suited to junior health sciences researchers because it can be used with a variety of theoretical approaches, sampling techniques, and data collection strategies is described. There are two primary types of sampling methods that you can use in your Colaizzi's method was utilized in analyzing and interpreting the data. Although some qualitative scholars resist any dominant design in qualitative research in support of methodological pluralism (e. By following careful research procedures and communicating their findings clearly, descriptive qualitative researchers can make valuable Sep 9, 2023 · When both quantitative and qualitative research methods are used in the same research, mixed-method research is applied. Dec 18, 2019 · Therefore, the paper will be particularly important for Master’s students, supporting and informing their decisions to use a qualitative descriptive approach if appropriate. ” Aug 24, 2023 · The three common approaches for conducting re search are a qualitative method, quan titative method, and mixed methods. Feb 27, 2019 · A fourth issue is that the “implicit use of methods in qualitative research makes the field far less standardized than the quantitative paradigm” (Goertz and Mahoney 2012:9). If you want to understand the characteristics of a research subject, use descriptive methods. Descriptive research is a study of status and is widely used in education, nutrition, epidemiology, and the behavioral sciences. a method of research that produces descriptive (non-numerical) data, such as observations of behavior or personal accounts of experiences. Validity in qualitative research. The data collection techniques that the researchers used were observation, interviews, and documentation. Descriptive research is defined as a research method that involves observing behavior to describe attributes objectively and systematically. 13 The hardest thing to do during an interview Mar 25, 2024 · Qualitative research aims to uncover the meaning and significance of social phenomena, and it typically involves a more flexible and iterative approach to data collection and analysis compared to quantitative research. Colaizzi's method of data analysis is a method of interpreting qualitative research data, which is commonly used in social Box 3. Qualitative research is commonly used in the humanities and social sciences, in subjects such as anthropology, sociology, education, health sciences, history, etc. g. Descriptive research is sometimes contrasted with hypothesis-driven research, which is focused on testing a particular hypothesis by means of experimentation. It enables researchers to precisely and methodically describe a population, circumstance, or phenomenon. Jul 16, 2024 · 2. as using what is called a “mixed methods research design. Relatedly, the National Science Foundation in the US organized two workshops in 2004 and 2005 to address the scientific foundations of qualitative research involving May 6, 2022 · Descriptive research methods are scientific tools used by researchers and psychologists for gathering information and describing the specifics of behaviors, patterns, and other phenomena Qualitative research began to gain recognition in the 1970s. Descriptive–interpretive qualitative research methods go by many ‘brand names’ in which various common elements are mixed and matched according to particular May 5, 2022 · Descriptive research methods. zv py nh kj ys eo mx bv mn rv